Waste2Fuel catalytic reactor

The continuous-flow catalytic reactor enabling the transformation of waste-derived feedstocks into valuable energy carriers such as syngas, hydrogen, and fuel precursors.

The catalytic zone is designed to host advanced multicomponent systems such as Cu–Ni-, Ni–V-, and metal–g-C₃N₄-based catalysts, enabling precise control over reaction pathways and product selectivity.

External heating ensures stable reaction conditions, while the catalyst bed drives key transformations including CO₂ hydrogenation, steam reforming, and biofuel reforming reactions. Depending on catalyst composition (e.g., Cu–Ni for tunable CO/methanol/methane selectivity or Ni-based systems for methane-rich or syngas production), the reactor can be directed toward different fuel outputs.

The outlet stream (CO + H₂, i.e., syngas, or downstream fuel intermediates) represents a flexible platform for further conversion into DME, synthetic fuels, or hydrogen, forming the basis of integrated Waste2Fuel technologies.

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